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Influencing factors and control measures of excavation on adjacent bridge foundation based on analytic

Shuangxi FENG, Huayang LEI, Yongfeng WAN, Haiyan JIN, Jun HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 461-477 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0705-0

摘要： Many uncertain factors in the excavation process may lead to excessive lateral displacement or over-limited internal force of the piles, as well as inordinate settlement of soil surrounding the existing bridge foundation. Safety control is pivotal to ensuring the safety of adjacent structures. In this paper, an innovative method is proposed that combines an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with a finite element method (FEM) to reveal the potential impact risk of uncertain factors on the surrounding environment. The AHP was adopted to determine key influencing factors based on the weight of each influencing factor. The FEM was used to quantify the impact of the key influencing factors on the surrounding environment. In terms of the AHP, the index system of uncertain factors was established based on an engineering investigation. A matrix comparing the lower index layer to the upper index layer, and the weight of each influencing factor, were calculated. It was found that the excavation depth and the distance between the foundation pit and the bridge foundation were fundamental factors. For the FEM, the FE baseline model was calibrated based on the case of no bridge surrounding the foundation pit. The consistency between the monitoring data and the numerical simulation data for a ground settlement was analyzed. FE simulations were then conducted to quantitatively analyze the degree of influence of the key influencing factors on the bridge foundation. Furthermore, the lateral displacement of the bridge pile foundation, the internal force of the piles, and the settlement of the soil surrounding the pile foundation were emphatically analyzed. The most hazardous construction condition was also determined. Finally, two safety control measures for increasing the numbers of support levels and the rooted depths of the enclosure structure were suggested. A novel method for combining AHP with FEM can be used to determine the key influencing aspects among many uncertain factors during a construction, which can provide some beneficial references for engineering design and construction.

关键词： deep foundation pit excavation adjacent bridge foundation influencing factors analytic hierarchy process finite element

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Shanghai center project excavation induced ground surface movements and deformations

Guolin XU, Jiwen ZHANG, Huang LIU, Changqin REN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 26-43 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0439-1

摘要： Empirical data on deep urban excavations can provide designers a significant reference basis for assessing potential deformations of the deep excavations and their impact on adjacent structures. The construction of the Shanghai Center involved excavations in excess of 33-m-deep using the top-down method at a site underlain by thick deposits of marine soft clay. A retaining system was achieved by 50-m-deep diaphragm walls with six levels of struts. During construction, a comprehensive instrumentation program lasting 14 months was conducted to monitor the behaviors of this deep circular excavation. The following main items related to ground surface movements and deformations were collected: (1) walls and circumferential soils lateral movements; (2) peripheral soil deflection in layers and ground settlements; and (3) pit basal heave. The results from the field instrumentation showed that deflections of the site were strictly controlled and had no large movements that might lead to damage to the stability of the foundation pit. The field performance of another 21cylindrical excavations in top-down method were collected to compare with this case through statistical analysis. In addition, numerical analyses were conducted to compare with the observed data. The extensively monitored data are characterized and analyzed in this paper.

关键词： deep excavation foundation pit soft clay top-down method field observation ground surface movements ground deformations

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Consistency Guarantees for Professional Appraisal of Geotechnical Engineering Design under Market Leading and Deciding

Jian-ye Zheng

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第1期页码 82-85 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015012

摘要： Peer review is central to the process of modern engineering. Open peer review gives the impression that decisions are arrived at in a fair and meritocratic manner with an objective, reliable, consistent process. It is responsible for identifying methodological flaws and for improving the quality. Assistance from somebody in the same discipline is valuable. Clients refer to reviewers as referees since they help to determine the fate of a design. The client sets up a hanging committee to carry out open peer review to decide whether a piece of work should be accepted, revised or rejected. Reviewers in similar specialties make up a professional group. In an open peer review refereeing a retaining and protection structure design of building foundation pit excavation, an outside expert as an assessor, might master the art of review to pay attention to guarantee consistency of processes and outcomes.

关键词： peer review foundation pit excavation retaining and protection structure design introduction

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城市明挖地下工程开发环境效应研究现状及趋势

朱亦弘,徐日庆,龚晓南

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第6期页码 111-115 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.06.016

摘要：

随着城市地下空间开发规模不断增大，城市地下空间开发的主要矛盾从基坑自身稳定问题逐渐转向基坑周边环境变形控制问题。周边环境复杂情况下的地下空间开发极易引起地表不均匀沉降，建筑物开裂，造成巨大的经济损失。因此需要系统性地研究城市各类明挖基坑开发形式所带来的环境影响及环境效应控制技术。本文介绍和回顾了统计经验法、数值模拟法、模型试验法在明挖基坑引起的环境效应研究中取得的研究成果，总结了各类研究方法及成果的优势和不足。介绍了现有环境控制技术及应用案例，总结了地下空间开发环境效应研究成果，并对今后研究方向提出了建议。

关键词：地下工程明挖基坑环境效应变形控制

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Centrifuge model test and field measurement analysis for foundation pit with confined water

Chunlin DING , Xiaohong MENG ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 299-304 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0035-0

摘要： The similarity law of centrifuge test was developed for the seepage field and stress field of a foundation pit with confined water by analyzing control equations, and a similarity index and a similarity coefficient of centrifuge test were obtained. Based on the deep foundation pit of the Huangxing Road Station of the Shanghai metro line M8, the deformation stability of the pit was tested. Finally, a comparative study was conducted on the test results of the pit deformation and the field measurement results. Comparison results show that the pit deformation regularity of the test is basically identical with that of the field measurement, and the difference in pit deformation between the test and the field measurement is within 50%. The centrifuge model test can effectively simulate the displacement response of the ground and retaining structure during dewatering and excavation for the pit with confined water, which provides a reliable basis for the design and construction of the pit with confined water.

关键词： foundation pit with confined water centrifuge model test seepage-stress coupling field similarity relation field measurement deformation

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Shanghai Tower

Jian GONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 106-109 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017001

摘要： Ru-jiang Zhao,Wung Hee Moh. [J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(2): 147-157.

关键词： super-high-rise building green building integral steel platform formwork system large volume concrete concrete pumped for super-high building deep and large foundation pit combined anterograde and retrograde methods digitalized construction technology

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Advanced finite element analysis of a complex deep excavation case history in Shanghai

Yuepeng DONG, Harvey BURD, Guy HOULSBY, Yongmao HOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0232-3

摘要： The construction of the North Square Shopping Center of the Shanghai South Railway Station is a large scale complex top-down deep excavation project. The excavation is adjacent to several current and newly planned Metro lines, and influenced by a neighboring Exchange Station excavation. The highly irregular geometry of this excavation greatly increases the complexity in 3D Finite Element modeling. The advanced numerical modeling described in this paper includes detailed structural and geotechnical behavior. Important features are considered in the analysis, e.g., 1) the small-strain stiffness of the soil, 2) the construction joints in the diaphragm wall, 3) the shrinkage in the concrete floor slabs and beams, 4) the complex construction sequences, and 5) the shape effect of the deep excavation. The numerical results agree well with the field data, and some valuable conclusions are generated.

关键词： advanced finite element analysis deep excavations case history small-strain stiffness

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Application of random set method in a deep excavation: based on a case study in Tehran cemented alluvium

Arash SEKHAVATIAN, Asskar Janalizadeh CHOOBBASTI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第1期页码 66-80 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0461-y

摘要： The design of high-rise buildings often necessitates ground excavation, where buildings are in close proximity to the construction, thus there is a potential for damage to these structures. This paper studies an efficient user-friendly framework for dealing with uncertainties in a deep excavation in layers of cemented coarse grained soil located in Tehran, Iran by non-deterministic Random Set (RS) method. In order to enhance the acceptability of the method among engineers, a pertinent code was written in FISH language of FLAC2D software which enables the designers to run all simulations simultaneously, without cumbersome procedure of changing input variables in every individual analysis. This could drastically decrease the computational effort and cost imposed to the project, which is of great importance especially to the owners. The results are presented in terms of probability of occurrence and most likely values of the horizontal displacement at top of the wall at every stage of construction. Moreover, a methodology for assessing the credibility of the uncertainty model is presented using a quality indicator. It was concluded that performing RS analysis before the beginning of every stage could cause great economical savings, while improving the safety of the project.

关键词： uncertainty reliability analysis deep excavations random set method finite difference method

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大型深水沉井基础设计

陆勤丰,赵都桓,杨进

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第4期页码 9-13

摘要：

泰州大桥采用主跨为1 080 m三塔两跨悬索桥，中塔位于主江中心。通过对沉井基础和高桩承台钻孔桩基础等多项基础方案的比选，考虑到沉井结构受力明确、刚度大、工序简单，经济性高等优点，中塔基础最终选用沉井基础。根据塔柱底的构造要求，受力要求，沉井采用58 m×44 m四角倒圆的矩形沉井，沉井总高76 m。为了能在深水中顺利施工，沉井下部为钢壳混凝土结构，上部为钢筋混凝土结构。文中介绍了泰州大桥水中沉井的结构构造、施工方法、方案比较以及沉井的设计特点，可为今后类似工程起到很好的借鉴作用。

关键词：泰州大桥大型深水沉井基础设计

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青藏高原多年冻土地带爆破研究

何广沂

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第6期页码 57-64

摘要：

介绍了青藏高原多年冻土地带铁路试验工程中有关爆破方面的研究成果，针对多年冻土的特征，重点论述了爆破方法与工艺及先进实用的聚能爆破技术。

关键词：多年冻土路堑基坑钻孔聚能弹聚能爆破

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深表土冻结壁变形规律

郭永富

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第11期页码 81-88

摘要：

利用ANSYS软件建立数学模型，分析不同地压、不同冻结壁厚度、不同冻结壁平均温度、不同开挖段高与冻结壁变形之间的关系。通过研究发现,井帮位移随冻结壁平均温度的降低、冻结壁厚度的增大而减小，随施工段高增大、地层地压值的增大而增大，且地压值的变化对冻结壁的变形影响最为显著。据此提出了深表土冻结壁应按变形条件进行设计，且施工段高是影响冻结壁稳定性的极为重要的参数，在施工中应严格控制。研究提出当冻结壁厚度为10 m左右，平均温度达到－20 ℃时，采取降低冻结壁平均温度的方式比增加冻结壁厚度能更加有效地提高冻结壁的

关键词：井帮位移冻结壁厚度平均温度掘砌段高

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Prediction of characteristic blast-induced vibration frequency during underground excavation by using

Tae Un PAK; Guk Rae JO; Un Chol HAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期页码 1029-1039 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0861-x

摘要： Blast-induced vibration produces a very complex signal, and it is very important to work out environmental problems induced by blasting. In this study, blasting vibration signals were measured during underground excavation in carbonaceous shale by using vibration pickup CB-30 and FFT analyzer AD-3523. Then, wavelet analysis on the measured results was carried out to identify frequency bands reflecting changes of blasting vibration parameters such as vibration velocity and energy in different frequency bands. Frequency characteristics are then discussed in view of blast source distance and charge weight per delay. From analysis of results, it can be found that peak velocity and energy of blasting vibration in frequency band of 62.5–125 Hz were larger than ones in other bands, indicating the similarity to characteristics in the distribution band (31–130 Hz) of main vibration frequency. Most frequency bands were affected by blasting source distance, and the frequency band of 0–62.5 Hz reflected the change of charge weight per delay. By presenting a simplified method to predict main vibration frequency, this research may provide significant reference for future blasting engineering.

关键词： wavelet analysis blast-induced vibration frequency characteristics underground excavation

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Toward autonomous mining: design and development of an unmanned electric shovel via point cloud-based optimal trajectory planning

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0686-2

摘要： With the proposal of intelligent mines, unmanned mining has become a research hotspot in recent years. In the field of autonomous excavation, environmental perception and excavation trajectory planning are two key issues because they have considerable influences on operation performance. In this study, an unmanned electric shovel (UES) is developed, and key robotization processes consisting of environment modeling and optimal excavation trajectory planning are presented. Initially, the point cloud of the material surface is collected and reconstructed by polynomial response surface (PRS) method. Then, by establishing the dynamical model of the UES, a point to point (PTP) excavation trajectory planning method is developed to improve both the mining efficiency and fill factor and to reduce the energy consumption. Based on optimal trajectory command, the UES performs autonomous excavation. The experimental results show that the proposed surface reconstruction method can accurately represent the material surface. On the basis of reconstructed surface, the PTP trajectory planning method rapidly obtains a reasonable mining trajectory with high fill factor and mining efficiency. Compared with the common excavation trajectory planning approaches, the proposed method tends to be more capable in terms of mining time and energy consumption, ensuring high-performance excavation of the UES in practical mining environment.

关键词： autonomous excavation unmanned electric shovel point cloud excavation trajectory planning